Speed of Sound Through Materials


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Speed of Sound

Dulong calculated that the velocities of sound through the following gases at the temperature of 0 Centigrade are :-

Feet per Second.
Air 1,092
Oxygen 1,040
Hydrogen 4,164
Carbonic Acid 858


The velocities through liquids, according to Wertheim, are:-

Temperature.
Centigrade.
Feet per
second.
River-water (Seine) 15c 4,741
Solution of Common Salt 18c 5,132
Common Alcohol 20c 4,218
Solution Chloride of calcium 23c 6,493


The same authority gives the velocity of sound through solids at the following rates:-

20 Centigrade
Feet per Second.
100 Centigrade
Feet per Second.
200 Centigrade
Feet per Second.
Lead 4,030 3,951 -
Gold 51,717 5,640 5,619
Iron 16,822 17,386 15,483


WOOD.



Along Fibre: Across Rings: Along Rings:
Acacia 15,467 4,840 4,436
Fir 15,218 4,382 2,572
Beech 10,965 6,028 4,643
Oak 12,662 5,036 4,229
Pine 10,900 4,611 2,605
Elm 14,639 4,916 3,728
Sycamore 15,314 4,567 4,142
Ash 16,677 5,297 2,987
Elder 15,306 4,491 3,423
Aspen 16,677 5,297 2,987
Maple 14,472 5,047 3,401
Poplar 14,052 4,600 3,444

Taken from:
Brinsmead. E. The History of the Piano, Simpkin Marshall 1889






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